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itional men of science built on that work. In fact,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], while Albert Einstein is most known for the Theory of Relativity, he received his 1921 Nobel Prize for something quite different. According to the Nobel organization it was 'for his services to Abstract Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect'. His composition on the discipline was written in 1905.
The photoelectrical effect is essentially alike to what solar power enthusiasts and workers acknowledge as the photovoltaic effect, the principle Becquerel first found. When light,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], in this case from the sun, collides with certain materials it knocks loose electrons from their connected atoms. Those moving electrons produce a current that can run through the material to allow for electrical power.
Those materials nowadays are typically some type of doped silicon. 'Doping' is another way of stating that other elements are intentionally introduced. In other applications, those impurities would be undesirable. In solar power, they're all important. Pure silicon has its uses, but it's not a dependable conductor of electricity. Adding phosphorus in just the right way, for example, converts them into semiconductors.
Certain specialized applications use gallium-arsenide or other materials,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], rather than silicon. But because of their relative rarity the monetary value is much higher. Silicon is a major component of ordinary sand and hence plentiful.
The silicon-phosphorus compound is dressed in layers, then connected to a control grid to enhance the flow of electricity. It reduces the resistance losses. Then terminals are installed to allow for the electricity to flow into the home electrical system. The whole assembly is covered up with glass to protect it and forms what's recognized as a PV (photovoltaic) cell. Those cells are then arrayed into a module. Modules can then be connected together into a complete system.
Those modules comes in various sizes that determine how much electrical energy they generate. All other things being equal, the larger the area,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the more power they can produce. Naturally, the larger panels tend to cost more.
Though the solar energy reaching the surface (at the equator) is about 1,000 watts per square meter, not all of it is usable energy. A square meter is a square whose sides are a little larger than three feet - it's about 10.7 square feet. Apart from losses due to latitude, atmosphere, dust and other natural factors, the modules themselves only convert with about 10-15% efficiency.
The development of solar power as a practical energy production process depends heavily on growing that efficiency and bringing down the costs of production. To a degree, that efficiency is bound by certain difficult-to-get-around physical constraints, so most of the research efforts call for attempts to lower the manufacturing costs.
When or if that happens, solar power applications may well become even more commonplace in households and commercial enterprise* than they are today.