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Paclitaxel belongs to a family of chemotherapy drugs called taxanes, which inhibit mitosis or cell division to stop cancer cells proliferating. A major proportion of high-grade serous ovarian cancers fail to respond to primary taxane therapy, the reason being highly chemo-sensitive to the therapy leading to the development of resistant disease. Levels of the SIK2 protein are increased in about 30% of ovarian cancers and are coupled with poorer survival in women with the disease. SIK2 is a member of the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) family in regulating mitotic cell-cycle progression.
Ovarian cancer is of two types, which are as follows:
Recent investigations pave the path in providing potential chemotherapy in serous ovarian cancers. The study was conducted to unearth the regulators of mitotic progression in ovarian cancer cells that could modify taxane response. The study screened 779 pools of siRNAs (small interfering RNA/short interfering RNA/silencing RNA which play various roles in biology, specifically involved in RNA interference pathway interfering with expression of a specific gene) to identify the regulators of mitotic progression in ovarian cancer cells which will then be tested for interactions with paclitaxel.
Types of ovarian cancer
Ovaries, which are part of a woman’s reproductive system, are situated in the pelvis. They release eggs which pass through a fallopian tube to the womb (uterus) where they may be fertilized with sperm. Ovaries also produce the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. After menopause, the ovaries no longer produce eggs and also release very low levels of hormones.
Role of salt inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) proteins in ovarian cancer
Surgery followed by chemotherapy or radiotherapy are the most common ways of treating ovarian cancers. Most women with ovarian cancer will be offered chemotherapy after the surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells that were not removed by surgery or if there is a risk of cancer relapse. Some of the chemotherapy drugs to treat ovarian cancer include paclitaxel (Taxol), carboplatin, gemcitabine and doxorubicin.
In recent investigations from the Australian ovarian cancer study, international team of researchers from University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, US (published in Cancer Cell on August 17, 2010) found that a known cellular protein called SIK2 is vital for cell division and targeting that could improve the response to chemotherapy in some patients with ovarian cancer.
Epithelial ovarian cancer, the most common type of cancer, affects the lining of the ovaries. Of the different types of epithelial ovarian cancers, the two most common types are serous and endometrioid cancers.Non-epithelial ovarian cancer [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], which is less common [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], includes germ cell cancers that form from the cells in the ovary that make the eggs. These cancers usually affect younger women.Treatment for ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women. Cancer is formed by the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells in the tissues of the ovary. The cancer cells can metastasize through the lymphatic system to lymph nodes in the pelvis, chest, and abdomen. Most ovarian cancers are either ovarian epithelial carcinomas, where the cancer begins in cells on the surface of the ovary [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], or malignant germ cell tumors, where the cancer begins in egg cells.
Read on
Prevent Ovarian Cancer
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Is Not One Disease
Understand Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
The findings revealed that reduction of SIK2 protein in cancer cells resulted in a significant delay in mitotic progression, indicating that SIK2 regulates the mitotic progression.